dm³ ODE numerical summary ======================================== System: ṙ = r(1 - r²) + 2(r - 1) e^(-z) θ̇ = 1 ż = r² - 2(r - 1)² e^(-z) Equilibrium structure: Surface r = 1 is invariant (ṙ = 0 identically). On r = 1: θ̇ = 1, ż = 1. Trajectory is a helix with pitch 2π. Linearization near r = 1: ṙ ≈ 2ε(e^(-z) - 1) for r = 1 + ε Attracting when z > 0, repelling when z < 0. Since ż = 1 on r = 1, trajectories escape to z → ∞ and stay attracting. Empirical stability radius at z₀ = 0.5: ε ≈ 0.375 (1/3 ≈ 0.333, 1/6 ≈ 0.167, 2/3 ≈ 0.667)